Pips karbon
Jaringan cai taneuh mangrupikeun bagian anu penting pikeun nagara atanapi infrastruktur kota. Éta tanggung jawab nyayogikeun cai nginum sareng aman ka bumi, usaha sareng lembaga sanésna. Tanpa sistem plumbing anu ngaluarkeun, aksés ka cai bersih bakal parah dikendebit, hasilna poténsi résiko kaséhatan sareng gangguan ka kahirupan sapopoé. Janten, éta penting pikeun mastikeun yén bahan anu dianggo dina pipa ieu tina kualitas luhur sareng sanggup nyumponan syarat kanggo angkutan cai taneuh.
| Diaméter luar (d) | Tembok témbok anu ditangtukeun dina mm | Tekanan uji minimum (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Kelas baja | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | L360 (x52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (X70) | L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6,7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12,3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7. | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15,3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11,5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6,0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12,5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7. | 7,2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17,5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10,3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7. | 6,5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4,5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7. | 5.5 | 6,5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14,3 | 15.2 | 16,5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16,8 | 18.9 | 20,5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4,5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14,5 | |
| 7. | 5.4 | 6,3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14,3 | 15.2 | 16,5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.9 | 6,9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | 6,0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10,3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.7 | 6,6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | 6,0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.0 | 5.3 | 6,2 | 10,5 | 11,5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17,5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6,0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6,0 | 3,5 | 4.1 | 6,9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9,3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9,3 | 10.2 | 11,5 | 12,5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15,5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15,3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6,0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6,5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9,3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9,5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16,5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6,6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14,3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18,5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6,0 | 3.0 | 3,5 | 6,2 | 6,8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10,3 | 11.8 |
| 8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6,0 | 6,9 | 12,3 | 13.6 | 15,3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9,3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6,0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6,5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6,7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6,7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15,8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6,0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6,2 | 7. | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9,3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6,3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6,3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6,0 | 2,5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6,4 | 6,9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10,3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6,8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17,9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10,5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | 6,0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6,2 | 6,7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9,5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9,3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12,5 | 14,3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12,3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6,4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16,5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15,8 | 17,5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Pipa baja karbonX70 Pipa SSAW, mangrupikeun pilihan kaséhatan pikeun pipa cai di jero taneuh kusabab tahan tegoan sareng rugatan sareng korosi korossi. Pipa diproduksi nganggo prosés lin spiral, mastikeun kuat sareng struktur anu tiasa tahan ku tekenan sareng faktor lingkungan anu aya hubunganana sareng angkutan cai taneuh. Salaku tambahan, pipa ieu diwangun ku baja karbon kualitas luhur pikeun kakuatan anu paling hadé sareng umur umur, ngajantenkeun pilihan anu dipercaya pikeun secyk disebarkeun jangka panjang.
Salah sahiji kauntungan utama nganggopips karbonPikeun angkot cai cai nyaéta résistansi korosi anu luhur. Hiji parip di jero taneuh terus dirakeun kana Uap sareng faktor lingkungan séjén, anu tiasa nirukeun bahan tradisional sapertos beton atanapi pvc ka karat sareng mabur. Tapi, gagala baja baja aya tahan pikeun korosi, mastikeun aranjeunna ngajaga integritas struktural kana waktosna. Serangga nyophunisi sacara teratur ngirangan kabutuhan panyoprang sareng ngagantian, pamustungan anu nyimpen biaya sistem cai.
Salaku tambahan, kakuatan sareng durabilitas sumur speled karbonat paripolah ngajadikeun éta idéal pikeun jangkauan beuteung. Pipes ieu tiasa tahan tekanan éksternal tina taneuh sareng unsur burodo anu sisi, mastikeun aranjeunna tetep élét sareng fungsi sapanjang kahirupan standar. Salaku tambahan, konstruk na sareng permukaan interior sacara ketat ngaminat ngaminimalkeun résiko tina blok atanapi bocor, langkung netepkeun rélaan cai taneuh.
Ringkesanana,pipa cai jero taneuhKusabab bagian penting infrastruktur modern, sareng pamakean bahan anu dianggo dina pipes ieu kritis pikeun prestasi sareng umur panjang. Beled dikaluarkeun pipip Supel karbonat karbon, sapertos S235 JR sareng x70 pipa SSA, nawiskeun seueur kauntungan pikeun tahan panyakit cai. Kalebet résistansi tinggi. Ku ngagunakeun pipa kualitas luhur ieu, sistem cai tiasa mastikeun dipercaya, épéktip cai ka komunitas nalika ngaminimalkeun kabutuhan sareng ngagantian.
